A centrifuge works on the principle of sedimentation, using high-speed rotation to generate centrifugal force that separates components of a mixture based on density, size, and shape. Denser particles are pushed outward (toward the bottom of the tube) faster, while less dense, lighter particles remain closer to the center.
Cold storage
Ultra-low temperature freezers operated at -80°C are used for long-term, stable preservation of sensitive biological samples like cell cultures and enzymes.
shakers
An algal shaker is a laboratory device used to cultivate and maintain microalgae under controlled growth conditions. Continuous shaking ensures uniform mixing of nutrients, proper gas exchange, and adequate light exposure for algal cultures. The constant agitation prevents cell sedimentation and promotes efficient photosynthesis and biomass production.
Autoclave
An autoclave uses moist saturated steam for sterilizing laboratory equipment like glassware and media, and for decontamination of biohazardous wastes. It operates at a temperature of 121°C, pressure of 15–20 psi, and a time of 15 minutes.
Hot Air Oven
A hot air oven is a commonly used laboratory instrument that uses dry heat for drying, dehydrating, and sterilizing moisture-sensitive samples. It operates by circulating heated air evenly within the closed chamber to maintain a uniform temperature.
Thermocycler
A thermocycler is used to amplify specific DNA sequences through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). They are widely used for applications such as gene expression analysis and genetic identification.
Vacuum Concentrator
A vacuum evaporator is a laboratory instrument used to remove solvents from samples under reduced pressure. It is used for concentrating samples, recovering solvents, and preparing extracts for further analysis.
CO₂ Incubator
The CO₂ bioincubator is used for culturing animal cells, tissues, microalgae, and microorganisms, providing a controlled environment with a constant temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration.
Laminar Airflow Cabinet
A laminar airflow cabinet is a specialized, enclosed cabinet that creates a sterile and aseptic environment by forcing continuous air flow through a HEPA filter in a laminar stream.
Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Unit
The HTL unit uses a pressurized, oxygen-free condition to convert wet algal biomass into biocrude. It is beneficial for large-scale lipid extraction for biofuel production.
Weighing Balance
In laboratories, analytical and digital balances are commonly used to ensure reliable and reproducible measurements in chemistry, biology, and biotechnology research.
UV Transilluminator
A transilluminator is a laboratory device used to visualize nucleic acids or proteins in gels. It works by emitting ultraviolet (UV) or blue light, which causes fluorescent dyes bound to DNA or proteins to glow, making the bands visible.
Spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the amount of light absorbed or transmitted by a sample at specific wavelengths. They are essential tools for accurate, rapid, and non-destructive analysis in laboratory research.
